US RDA
8 to 11 mg daily
Effective dose
15 to 30 mg daily for adults for supplementation
Upper limit
40 mg daily
Timing
With meal, not on empty stomach (nausea)
With food
Yes, always with food
Bioavailability
Bisglycinate, picolinate > citrate > oxide
Best forms to buy
Bisglycinate
Well absorbed, gentle on stomach
Picolinate
Well absorbed
Citrate
Good absorption
Oxide
Poorly absorbed, avoid
Signs of deficiency
- · Frequent illness
- · Slow wound healing
- · Hair loss
- · Loss of taste and smell
- · Acne
Drug interactions
- · Copper depletion at long-term high doses
- · Reduces absorption of some antibiotics
- · Iron and calcium compete for absorption
Toxicity
Nausea, copper depletion at long-term doses above 40 mg. Take 2 mg copper if supplementing zinc above 25 mg for months.